6th+hour+Group+1

6th Hour Group 1: Jennifer Rybicki, Cassidy Gibson, Emma Voss, Adam Prochaska

What is a dialysis and and what is wrong with Grandma? 1. Make a DVD for grandma about what dialysis is 2. Research what a dialysis is 3. Find out what is wrong with Grandma once we find out what a dialysis is.
 * Problem:**
 * Solutions:**

__**Osmosis Lab:**__

First bag didn't change weight Second and third bags gained weight Fourth bag lost weight Due to what was in the bag and in the beaker, bags either lost weight, gained, or didn't change because of dialysis and osmosis.
 * Steps:**
 * 1) Filled 4 different dialysis bags
 * 2) 10 mL distilled water
 * 3) 10 mL 15% sucrose water
 * 4) 10 mL 30% sucrose water
 * 5) 10 mL distilled water
 * 6) Weighed each dialysis bag
 * 7) Filled 4 different beakers
 * 8) 200 mL distilled water
 * 9) 200 mL distilled water
 * 10) 200 mL distilled water
 * 11) 200 mL 30% sucrose
 * 12) Placed bags in corresponding beakers and soaked them for 10 minutes, then weighed each bag and recorded weight
 * 13) Replaced the bags and soaked them for another 10 minutes and weighed again
 * Observation:**
 * Conclusion:**

Dialysis is the filtering of waste products from the blood. They do dialysis because your kidneys don't work properly and clean your blood. When your kidneys don't not do this you start to get a sick feeling called "uremia." Uremia is the presence of excessive amounts of urea in the blood, which may be a sign of kidney disease or failure. When people require dialysis it is because waste products in their body become so high that they start to get sick from them. The level of waste products builds up slowly. Doctors use a urine test, the "creatinine clearance," to measure the level of kidney function. The patient saves urine in a special container for one full day. The waste products in the urine and in the blood are estimated by measuring the creatinine. By comparing the blood and urine level of this substance, the doctor has an accurate idea of how well the kidneys are working. This result is called the creatinine clearance. Usually, when the creatinine clearance falls to 10-12 cc/minute, the patient needs dialysis. They also decide that it is necessary if, the patient is experiencing a major inability to rid the body of excess water, or is complaining of problems with the heart, lungs, or stomach, or difficulties with taste or sensation in their legs, dialysis may be indicated even though the creatinine clearance has not fallen to the 10-12 cc/minute level.There are two main types of dialysis: "[|hemodialysis]" and "[|peritoneal dialysis]." Hemodialysis uses a special type of filter to remove excess waste products and water from the body. Peritoneal dialysis uses a fluid that is placed into the patient's stomach cavity through a special plastic tube to remove excess waste products and fluid from the body. During hemodialysis, blood passes from the patient's body through a filter in the dialysis machine, called a "dialysis membrane." For this procedure, the patient has a specialized plastic tube placed between an artery and a vein in the arm or leg (called a "gortex graft"). Sometimes, a direct connection is made between an artery and a vein in the arm. This procedure is called a "Cimino fistula." Needles are then placed in the graft or fistula, and blood passes to the dialysis machine, through the filter, and back to the patient. In the dialysis machine, a solution on the other side of the filter receives the waste products from the patient. Peritoneal dialysis uses the patients own body tissues inside of the belly (abdominal cavity) to act as the filter. The intestines lie in the abdominal cavity, the space between the abdominal wall and the spine. A plastic tube called a "dialysis catheter" is placed through the abdominal wall into the abdominal cavity. A special fluid is then flushed into the abdominal cavity and washes around the intestines. The intestinal walls act as a filter between this fluid and the blood stream. By using different types of solutions, waste products and excess water can be removed from the body through this process.
 * __//Dialysis Research://__**
 * Jennifer Rybicki:**
 * __//[]//__**

Hemodialysis is a process that uses a man made membrane to remove wastes, such as urea, from the blood, restore proper balance of electrolytes in the blood, and eliminate excess fluid from the body.In Hemodialysis you are connected to a filter by tubes attached to your blood vessels. Your blood gets pumped to the filter and cleaned, and then it is sent back to your body.If you have dialysis treatments it usually takes 3-5 hours every day, 3 days a week. At home it is usually done 3 days a week and can last 6 hours which will make you feel better. Most complications that occur during dialysis can be prevented or easily managed if you are monitored carefully during each dialysis session. Possible complications may include: · Low blood pressure (hypotension). This is the most common complication of hemodialysis. It is seen more often in women and in people older than 60. · Muscle cramps. If cramps occur, they usually happen in the last half of a dialysis session. · Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). · Nausea, vomiting, headache, or confusion (dialysis disequilibrium). · Infection, especially if a central venous access catheter is used for hemodialysis. · Blood clot (thrombus) formation in the venous access catheter. · Technical complications, such as trapped air (embolus) in the dialysis tube. Long-term complications of dialysis may include: · Inadequate filtering of waste products (hemodialysis inadequacy). · Blood clot (thrombus) formation in the dialysis graft or fistula. · Cardiovascular disease (heart disease, blood vessel disease, or stroke). **[|Dialysis]** is the artificial procedure of performing the functions of the kidneys. The two most often used forms of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. In hemodialysis, the process of cleansing of the blood is done by a special filter called a dialyzer. During this kidney dialysis process, the blood is routed through tubes into the dialyzer, which sifts out wastes, extra salt, and extra water. The clean blood is returned to the body through another set of tubes. The other technique called peritoneal dialysis, involves the use of the body's own tissue cells existent within the abdominal cavity to filter the blood. A special fluid is inserted into the abdominal cavity via a plastic tube called a catheter. This fluid moves around the intestines, and the intestinal walls act as a filter between this fluid and the blood stream. This fluid helps in the removal of waste products and excess water from the body. **Nutrition**: Some peritoneal dialysis patients find it difficult to eat, as the dialysis solution in their stomach area makes them feel full. Lesser food intake often translates into poor nutrition, which can be detrimental to a patient's health. On the other hand, some patients gain weight as the outcome of the treatment. This happens, when their bodies absorb the sugar in the dialysis solution. [] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Reuse. Your dialysis center may use the same dialyzer more than once for your treatments. Reuse is considered safe as long as the dialyzer is cleaned before each use. The dialyzer is tested each time to make sure it’s still working, and it should never be used for anyone but you. Before each session, you should be sure that the dialyzer is labeled with your name and check to see that it has been cleaned, disinfected, and tested.
 * Emma Voss:**
 * []**
 * []**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[] **
 * Cassidy Gibson:**
 * Adam Prochaska:**